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常识“充军”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 充军
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释义
充军古代的一种刑法。把罪犯发配到边远地方服役。《宋史·刑法志三》:“刺配之法二百余条,其间情理轻者,亦可复古徒流移乡之法,俟其再犯,然后决刺充军。”明崇祯十一年(1638)定制:以千里为附近;二千里为边卫;三千里为边远;其极边、烟瘴以四千里外为率。虽非五刑之正而最为严厉,犯者亦最苦。且分终身、永远,终身者只及本人身死;永远者本人死而子孙继之,以至尽绝。清代流放之法亦多袭明制。

充军 

指把犯人押解到边远地区,补充军伍、罚作苦役的刑罚。《宋史·刑法志》载有“决刺充军”。但把“充军”作为刑名确定下来则始于明朝。《明史·刑法志》称凡死罪减等,而其犯罪重于流刑的,就罚作充军。明代充军,初期仅到边远地区屯种,崇祯时分为极边、烟瘴、边远、边卫、沿海附近五等,从四千里到一千里不等。又分“终身刑”,即罪犯终身在边防服役,“永远刑”,即本人死后由子孙顶替服役两种。
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