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常识“宗法制”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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宗法制 

我国古代以血缘关系为基础维护贵族世袭统治,并且维系不同等级贵族上下级关系的一种制度。宗法制产生于西周,是由古代父家长制结合周代实行的嫡长子继承制而制定的。其表现形式为:周王自称天子,被确定为天下的大宗,即同姓贵族的最高家长,也是政治上的共主,其王位由嫡长子继承,世代为天下大宗。天子的庶子分封为诸侯,对天子是小宗,在其封国内则是大宗。他们以国为氏,其职位和在宗法关系中的地位亦由嫡长子继承。诸侯的庶子分封为卿大夫,对诸侯称小宗,在本家族内则为大宗。他们以官职、邑名、辈份等为氏,其职位和宗法地位亦由嫡长子继承。从卿大夫到士,其大宗与小宗的关系与上同。以上各级贵族中世袭的嫡长子,称为宗子,掌握本族财产,负责本族祭祀,统治本族成员。宗法制的推行使西周国家体制与贵族之间的血缘亲属关系紧密联系在一起,协调了各级贵族的等级关系,巩固了西周王室的统治。后代地主阶级也都利用这种制度,以巩固封建的政权、族权、神权和夫权。
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