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常识“廓尔喀”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 廓尔喀
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释义 廓尔喀十八世纪中叶统一尼泊尔全境的王朝名。廓尔喀本为一小邦,位于今尼泊尔加德满都西约70公里处,清乾隆三十二年(1767)至三十三年该地领袖普利替·纳拉扬·沙(Prithvi Narayan Shah)崛起,征服尼泊尔河谷地带玛拉(Malla)王朝的三个分立的政权,建立世袭君主制国家,此后,凡随从领袖征战的军民,不论种族、职业,皆授以廓尔喀一名,故此词又衍为部族、王朝、国家名称。纳拉扬卒后,王朝继续扩张版图。乾隆五十三年至五十六年,两度遣军侵入西藏,占领聂拉木、济咙并掠扎什伦布寺。五十七年清廷命福康安统军抵藏逐其出境,且攻入尼泊尔,遂乞和,成为清廷之朝贡国。嘉庆十九年(1814)至二十一年与英东印度公司战争失败,同时王权旁落于执政大臣之手,上层互相残杀。道光二十五年(1845)出身拉纳(Rana)家族的将军江格·巴都尔(Jang Bahādur)执政,结束内部纷争,转向亲英。咸丰四年(1854)第三次侵入西藏,清无力援藏,六年与藏订立和约,西藏年交一万卢比于尼泊尔,免除尼泊尔货物入藏关税,允许派代表长驻拉萨。光绪三年(1877)江格·巴都尔卒,国政继续归拉纳家族掌握,直到1950 年。
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