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常识“桑弘羊”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 桑弘羊
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桑弘羊前152—前80

西汉大臣。洛阳(今河南洛阳东)人。商人家庭出身。十三岁以善用心计被武帝用为侍中。元鼎二年(前115年)任大农丞,掌岁计。元鼎六年迁搜粟都尉,兼大农令,天下盐铁归其掌握。天汉四年(前97),因事贬为搜粟都尉,但直到武帝去世(前87年),大农事务实际上仍由其主管。在掌管西汉中央财政近三十年间,积极推行重农抑商政策,将东郭咸阳和孔仪始行的盐、铁专卖推及全国,使盐官增设至二十八郡国的三十七处,铁官增设至四十郡国的四十九处。天汉三年,又创设“酒榷”,垄断酒的专卖。元鼎二年创行均输法,由大农在各地设均输官,负责管理和调度郡国上交中央的财物,根据京师需要,辗转买卖,最后把所需之物运到长安,既免除了郡国运输的烦难,也使朝廷获取了巨大利润。元封元年(前110年)创行平准法,由大农在京师设平准官,接受均输货物,按长安市场价格涨落情况,贵则卖之,贱则买之,以调剂供需,节制市场。又曾支助武帝组织六十万人屯垦西北。以备匈奴侵袭。武帝临终时,被任为御史大夫,并受命和霍光等共同辅政。昭帝时,一般文士多攻击其政策,霍光以昭帝名义召开盐铁会议,他在会上与各地贤良文学辩论盐铁官卖的好处,内容涉及政治、经济、军事、文化诸方面。元凤元年(前80年),因与霍光争权,被告与上官桀同谋叛逆,被杀。

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