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常识“三正”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 三正
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释义 三正①旧说指天、地、人。《书·甘誓》:“有扈氏威侮五行,怠弃三正。”伪孔传:“怠惰废弃天地人之正道。”②北魏地方基层行政官吏合称。一说即党正、里正、邻正,为三长之别称。一说指族正、闾正、比正,与三长职权相同,但只设于畿内。③三种不同正月的历法。三正指:夏正、殷正、周正。《史记·历书》:“夏正以正月,殷正以十二月,周正以十一月。”《尚书大传》:“夏以十三月为正”,“殷以十二月为正”,“周以十一月为正”。这些说法都以夏历为标准。夏正,又称人正,它的正月相当于农历冬至后二个月,是月每日黄昏时北斗斗柄指向寅的方位,古代称为斗建在寅。殷正,又称地正,其正月相当于农历冬至后一个月,斗建在丑。周正,又称天正,其正月相当于农历包含冬至的这个月,斗建在子。三正并非夏、商、周三个王朝官方颁行的历法。参见“正朔”。
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