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常识“西周的宗法制”是什么意思,起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇 西周的宗法制
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释义

西周的宗法制 

宗法就是宗族祭祀祖先,承继本支的制度。周人把天子看成上天的儿子,是代表上天在地下行使权力的人,是天下的共主,体现在宗法上便是家族的大宗。天子死后,由嫡长子继位,大宗的地位不变。嫡长子的弟弟们被封为诸侯,他们对天子而言处于次要地位,因而被称为小宗。但在封国内,他们对于被封的卿大夫而言,则又成了大宗。无论是大宗或小宗,其嫡长子都是土地和权力的法定继承人,地位最尊,因此被称为宗子。宗法制度,不仅适用于同姓贵族,而且也适用于当时被分封的异姓贵族。它是解决贵族间的矛盾,巩固分封制的一种方法。它在表面上看来,好象是以血统关系为主,其实它的主要目的,是想通过亲疏的血缘关系确定财产和政治权力的分配,其实质是为巩固奴隶制的统治服务的。
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