常识“革象新书”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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常识“革象新书”是什么意思，起源、典故、生平简介及释义-历史文化

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词汇	革象新书
正文
释义	《革象新书》元赵友钦撰。内容涉及天文历法，兼及物理光学。五卷。明王祎将其节为二卷，名为《重修革象新书》，与五卷本并行。认为以南北极为天之“磨脐”，故此为天所绕而左旋。指出历法推步与日月运行有差，随年岁迁移，历法所示与天象运行之积差渐多，历不合天，不得不改。阐述岁差发现以来之各家数值，并阐述其理。批评邵雍终始之说，指出实不可以为准则。继承日距地在“天顶远而四傍近”之说，又力主太阳距大地无远近之差。又以黑漆球反映日光实验，说明半明之理。以实验喻明日月大小远近之理。次以天球运动为参照，说明五纬及其他日月星辰之运行。指出盖天之误，论述浑天说及其仪器。又叙论小孔成像的系统实验、以勾股法测量物高，以及以勾股定理与圆周率用于天文计算等。所叙在天文学、物理学上都有一定贡献。五卷本收入《永乐大典》、《四库全书》，有手抄本、影印本。二卷本除收入《四库全书》，有手抄本、影印本外，又有单行刻本，如明正德十五年（1520）本、清康熙八年（1651）本等。革象新书书名。元赵友钦撰。五卷。重修本为明王祎删定。二卷。两本各有所长。从科学史角度看，以原书五卷本为善。是书为天文学和光学的重要著作。其中，关于观测恒星赤经差和去极度的新方法，与近代子午观测原理相一致；在“小罅光景”一节中所描述的小孔成像实验，是古代世界最大型的光学实验。
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